NADIA
FABBRI In the group we all knew but did not know that something we identified, a curiosity, what motivated us in future meetings of the cartel.
all started with the question: what is normal and the pathological?
As the IA clinical professor made us read, "the poster is to work with others and is profoundly unique. The tension between the operation identification is fundamental in the formation of a group, because you have to be crazy for not wanting to identify a group, but there is a moment of disidentification, a theft in relation to the group when presenting the product and this has nothing to do with delusions of originality. No other way to get into the dynamics of what is a sign if not practicing ... "
So I will try to get into that dynamic through this practice.
1 - What is normal?
"what is said is in its natural state. Which serves as a standard or rule. Regular, ordinary. "
What is a standard? It is a "system of action imperative pursuing a particular purpose, with the characteristic of being rigid in its application. Rule, provision or criterion established an authority to regulate actions of individual economic agents, or to regulate the procedures to be followed for conducting the assignments. Results in a technical statement through quantitative parameters and / or qualitative guides for action. Generally the rule carries a penalty structure for those who do not observe. "
From a statistical criteria of normality, the word "normal" would indicate compliance with the rule, which does not deviate from the average. Normal is what appears with some frequency in the total population, by age, sex, race, origin, etc. Then the normally focuses on the majority of cases in relation to others, with the ideal or the rule.
The abnormal in contrast, involve a deviation of the standard.
There is a danger of confusing the "normal" with what is considered normal. Also, can not be regarded as something is always normal
common way of example, we now although we live in a society that values \u200b\u200bsuch as adaptive interpersonal exploitation, not that we would be in the field of health.
Different times and different cultures have different understanding of the individual states as pathological or normal. This would be so because each group or society has a system of rules and no human behaviors that are normal or abnormal at all, but with respect to a context.
2 - The categories of (a) normal.
As another definition of normal can take that which is "mental activity through which knowledge, skill, habits, attitudes and ideals are acquired, retained and used, leading to progressive adaptation and behavior modification . Is a term given to a person who supposedly has no disability. "
It's funny because everyone in greater or lesser degree we have some negative issue but not a disability in a strict sense is well known that there is no perfection in the field of human.
But one of the first ideas about disability that arises is that of the normal-abnormal dichotomy. This distinction is also prevalent in the common vocabulary to refer to a disabled person as someone who is not normal.
Michel Foucault devoted to studying the category of "abnormal", built in France in the nineteenth century documents of the legal medical expertise.
The abnormal, says Foucault, are not in an opposing field but gradation from normal to abnormal. Their existence in the discourse does not refer to the knowledge of medicine and the law itself, but to a particular practice that corrupts the regularity of the medical and legal institution.
This practice, legal expertise, proposes a new object of study, and not "criminals" or "sick" but that said, "abnormal."
This term is linked to the operation of a power that Foucault calls "power standards", thus activating an instance of control over this new category of people. The "anomaly", as verified domain begins in the nineteenth century, is formed from three elements or figures: the human monster, the individual to correct, and masturbatory. With respect to what interests us here, Foucault finds in Roman law is a legal distinction between the monster and the disabled, defective, the deformed, ie what we call disabled.
If you think about the disabled as a matter of law, unnatural, it would be necessary to return to this historical process that Foucault develops is the "process of normalization." After analyzing the disciplinary organizations as instruments of a general technique for exercising power, Foucault notes that these devices have disciplinary effects of standardization. The norm, while carrying a claim to power is not defined as "natural law" but by the role of demand and coercion can be exercised with respect to the areas in which it applies.
If you think today in the disabled following Foucault would have to argue that the rule which qualifies also seeks to correct, not the exclude or reject them, but subjected to positive intervention techniques and transformation. Who
diagnosis of abnormal size will face the arduous path of return to normal, becoming subject to intervention by professionals who must take charge of the abnormality.
The subject is no longer such, but only one object, lose your name will be called by its deficit and could be watched, measured, evaluated, corrected and re-editing, medicated, hospitalized, hidden, removed, "integrated" controlled. Practices to hide their sense of protection against the danger of normal abnormality. Set boundaries to distinguish Self as "rest", to distinguish to protect, to avoid running the risk of becoming the Other, that is the meaning of the concept of normality.
3 - What is it pathological?
"Pathology is a term that comes from the Greek study (logos) of suffering or harm (pathos).
has to do with the part of medicine in charge of studying the disease in its broadest sense, ie as processes or abnormal conditions of known or unknown causes. "
But then this has something to do with the concepts of health and disease.
Is it normal health? Healthy is not only someone who does not is sick, but health would be defined by the absence of disease. When a person can put his desire to play both in the workplace as in the affective, that is a passion at work and love in the place of suffering, we could think of anyone healthy.
The pathos refers to a negative character that sets the limits of positive knowledge and introduces the aspect of subjectivity as a valid form of access to the truth.
Canguilhem says, "if the normal human condition is the failure of trust in nature is because man has strayed from its natural condition and conditioning. There is a rift between man and nature that is the place took the Psyche. "
4 - Uses the sociology of the nineteenth century did the normal-abnormal pair.
The concepts of normality and pathology can keep speculating a relation through which either assert themselves in an indissoluble alliance. Canguilhem
This alliance called polarity, is directly linked to the two sides that define normal. If on one hand, it is normal that which is taken as a statistical average, as a specific type, on the other seems to mean a value, or social life, which gives it the character of target, target to be attempted. Typically
and has a dual character, is both type and value of that character is that confers the ability to be "normative" and the expression of collective needs. From the moment it is asserted as a normal polarity value emerge almost a necessary way, because if something is wanted as their value will be rejected as a negative value. Each one needs the other to assert themselves. The precise pathology than normal in relation to which it is stated as a detour, but usually requires the existence of another to assert itself as a value that deserves to be pursued.
production in Comte and Durkheim's sociological analysis of normal and pathological acquires a central position. These authors set up the notion of normal as counterpart positive pathological, and therefore assimilated to the chase, implying organismic analogies and metaphors of the social body.
To Comte diseases are something like spontaneous experimentation and that is for this reason that make possible a comparison between the pathological condition or phenomenon altered and the normal or standard phenomenon.
Comte insists that any analysis of pathological phenomena should be based on knowledge of normal phenomena, but, conversely, the study of pathology is essential to know the laws of normal. However, even if Comte's insistence on the need for a clear definition of normal, does not establish any criteria for deciding what should be understood when speaking of normal. By reducing normal
to "nature" or "harmony" and consequently the abnormal to "diverted" from nature or "disharmony" with Canguilhem we must conclude that it is an aesthetic and moral distinction, it is qualitative rather than a difference of degree or quantity and pretend Comte.
For Durkheim, the pair "normal" pathological "will be extended to phenomena via population statistics, only able to talk about normal in terms of frequency. Regularities mathematics will be an indispensable element for the sociology of the author for their understanding of normal and social pathology. From there you could link the concepts of frequency, normality and morality. Normal will be designed not as a state of equilibrium between the parts of a whole but as a bridge to unify the type and value. Durkheim
intact the principle of Comte: morbid forms of a phenomenon are of a different nature than normal (...) The disease is not opposed to health, are two varieties of the same gender. According to Durkheim "normal" is what is in the middle of the species, what is also considered as "natural" and "desirable." The author Comte distance from the time they start talking about population phenomena must recognize the value of the statistic that is denied by his predecessor, limiting the importance of the metaphor of the social body. Society is not identical to the individual body. However, "distance" implies no break but continuity and displacement.
If we can reduce the life or social standards statistical averages is because we imagine that they have the power to the fore a reality that can combine to be and should be. Normal
are the facts that present the most general and other have the name of morbid or pathological. The standard rate is indistinguishable from the medium and any deviation from this brand health is a morbid phenomenon. Thus a relationship is meant as a statistical average value than the "normal" takes its double meaning and value type. The average appears as an extension, through which the rule is displayed, is made explicit. By regulation but at the same time what allows this to multiply, as presented as a concrete model that can and should be pursued by others.
Thus, the statistics exhibit constant means and social norms, and establish a neutral bridge linking "being" with "ought."
in normal and pathological, Canguilhem reverse this assumption and claim that average is not what normal states but must be considered as the expression of collective standards of living that are historically and socially changing. This means to say, that through the change in social and living standards oscillations occur in the statistical averages that we consider as constant. Thus, these averages may be indicative of what happens in a society and a certain historical moment, but they can hardly assume the status of a criterion of demarcation between social status to be characterized as normal or pathological.
5 - Conclusions.
For there to be "legislative intention" must deny the existence of a "zero" conflict free. There must be something unwanted or dangerous, something that we talk about future deviations or possible disturbances.
The legislative intention must necessarily be preceded by risks that point to future risks to be "prevented." For normal to be prescriptive there must be its other, its opposite negative and dark.
If health can be intelligible and desirable, it must apply for mediation to the pain and suffering imposed. Attributed to life itself, considered as a dynamic polarity, the responsibility to distinguish the point at which the disease begins.
For each of us, taken as specific individual subjects there is a precise boundary that separates the health condition, a boundary that has no rigidity of a regulatory standard for all subjects. She has, on the contrary, the flexibility of a standard that turns on individual conditions. Thus, it is clear that the boundary between normal and pathological becomes inaccurate. The individual is one who evaluates this transformation, it is he who suffers the consequences, when you feel unable to perform the tasks imposed status.
Bibliography.
Canguilhem, Georges: The normal and pathological.
Durkheim, Emile: The Rules of Sociological Method.
Foucault, Michel: The abnormal.
Marité Colovini: The normal and pathological. Notes and class notes.
Panel: Poster and training
Analyst Source: www.escuelafreudiana.arg.org
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